Abu Volcano
Updated: Apr 26, 2024 13:51 GMT -
shield volcano 641 m / 2,103 ft
Honshu (Japan), 34.5°N / 131.6°E
Current status: normal or dormant (1 out of 5)
Honshu (Japan), 34.5°N / 131.6°E
Current status: normal or dormant (1 out of 5)
Last update: 10 Apr 2022 (Volcanic Ash Advisory)
Abu volcano is a group of 56 smaller volcanic centers with no individual large central volcano, located near the Japan Sea coast in southwest Honshu, Japan, 80 km west of Hiroshima.
The group, also known as the Abu Monogenetic Volcano Group (AMVG), covers 400 sq km and consists of basaltic-to-dacitic lava flows, small shield volcanoes (some with associated cinder cones) and lava domes. Its total volume is ca. 4 cubic km, with no individual center being larger than 0.5 km3.
Irao-yama (641 m) is the highest peak. Some of the volcanic centers of Abu volcano form offshore islands or submarine vents.
The most recent eruption at the volcano was a central vent explosion at Kasa-yama ca. 8000 years ago.
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Abu volcano eruptions: 6850 BC (?)
Latest nearby earthquakes
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Background
Volcanism of the Abu group is believed to be caused by upwelling mantle diapirs, and is is related to subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate. The volcanic group is part of the southwestern Japanese arc, which lies subparallel to the Nankai trough.The erupted magmas of Abu are mainly alkaline basalt and calc-alkaline andesite - dacite in composition.
Eruptions from Abu volcano:
Volcanic activity occurred mainly in 2 phases. An earlier and more intense phase of activity was between ca. 3 and 1.6 million years ago when a quiescent interval followed. The second, less intense phase of activity started about 800,000 years ago and continues into present. The latest known eruption of the AMVG was dated by thermoluminescence at about 8800 years ago.
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Sources:
- Smithsonian / GVP volcano information
- Kiyosugi et al (2010) "Relationships between volcano distribution, crustal structure, and P-wave tomography: An example from the Abu monogenetic volcano group, SW Japan." Bull. Volcanol. 72 (3), 331-340.
Abu Volcano Photos
Pyroclastic flow on Sinabung volcano, Sumatra, Indonesia (Oct 2014) (Photo: Walter Reis)
Driving through volcanic ash rain at Sinabung volcano, Sumatra, Indonesia (Oct 2014) (Photo: Walter Reis)
Ashfall at Sinabung volcano, Sumatra, Indonesia (Oct 2014) (Photo: Walter Reis)
Pyroclastic flow on Sinabung volcano, Sumatra, Indonesia (Oct 2014) (Photo: Walter Reis)